A New Breed of Students :: Essays Paper

A New Breed of StudentsThe the Statesn public school system does not rate the honourable education of its students. As a result the majority of so-called well educated society is ethically challenged and morally desensitized. In Jonathan Kozols book The darkness Is Dark And I am Far From Home, Kozol develops a series of virtual indictments against the American public school system. According to Kozol students emerge both brainwashed and without a sense of purpose. In essence, many students do not understand the full potential of their intellectuality public education, for most children, is a twelve-year exercise of ethical emaciation (Kozol 169). In the course of twelve years students have been sculpted to accommodate the needs of society they have been conditioned to repress their own ethics and morality. In outrank to rectify this situation, schools should make the necessary adjustments to their philosophy. Instead of merely churning out good citizens, public schools should tak e the time to educate ethical human beings for the get of humanity. It seems as if the typical middle class citizen is practiced in the custom of ignoring the root cause of any educational issue today. The question of integrating moral and ethical components into the school structure is virtually taboo. The national standard is to escape all topics surrounding morality (i.e. religion, racial issues, and homosexuality etc). As American citizens begin to be politically correct all the time. It would be too risqu to start incorporating personal concepts into public institutions. Many would argue that as a country America has come incredibly far in terms of open mindedness in the past several decades. It is true that since Kozols book was published, there have been tremendous advances in many aspects of social issues. However, resulting from this progress is the overall hesitancy to delve into any aspects of morality on an educational level. This hesitancy directly hinders the educate d person from actually thinking as an individual. Throughout this essay I provide refer to the terms morality and ethics on several occasions. For claritys sake I will explain what I think they represent. Morality is a learned characteristic. Society tends to equate moralism with the church. However, morality and ethics have less to do with religion than they do with a general philosophy on living. People can be without a religion and still be looked upon as moral beings. Morality scarce has to do with being able to identify the difference between right judgements and wrong judgements.

the trounle with sweatshops :: essays research papers

The controversial issue of sweatshops is one often over looked by The United States. In the Social Issues Encyclopedia, entry 167, flatness Zwolinski tackles the issues of sweatshops. In this article Matt raises a question I have not been able to get out of my head since I have begun researching this topic, argon companies who contract with sweatshops doing anything wrong? this article goes on to argue that the state who contrive in the sweatshops willingly choose to work there, despite the distressing environment. Many people in third world countries depend on the sweatshops to earn what they can to have any hopes of surviving. If the sweatshops were to shut set ashore many people would lose their jobs, and thence have no source of income. This may lead people to steal and prostitution as well. this article is suggesting that sweatshops will better the economy by expectant people a better job than what they may have had. Due to this the companies contracting with sweatshop s are not acting wrong in any way. This was a deductive article it had a lot of good examples to show how sweatshops are beneficial to third world countries. Radly Balko seemed to have the same view point as Matt Zwolinski. Many people believe the richer countries should not support the sweatshops Balko believes if people stopped buying products made in sweatshops the companies will have to shut down and relocate, firing all of the present workers. Rasing the fact that again the worker will have no source of income, the workers need the sweatshop to survive. Balko also uses the argument that the workers willingly work in the current environments. Some of the arguments against sweatshops raised by Americans is the they take jobs away from the American people. In the job force it is becoming harder to find an open flummox any where. Instead of keeping the factories here the companies are shipped over seas, causing millions of job opportunities for Americans to be lost. Some arguments raised by the United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) are the poor working conditions, low wages, long hours, and children in the factories. The damp, dark, and cold environment can depress the workers even more than they may be, causing rates in self-annihilation to increase. Low wages is another concern USAS have. The workers barley get enough money to survive.

Monroe Doctrine :: US History Historical Essays

Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine can be considered as the United States first major resolve to the world as a fairly new nation. The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of United States policy on the activity and rights of powers in the Western cerebral hemisphere during the early to mid 1800s. The doctrine established the United States position in the major world affairs of the time. Around the time of the Napoleonic Wars in the 1820s, Mexico, Argentina, chilli and Colombia all gained their independence from Spanish control ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The United States was the first nation to recognize their independence from Spain. The European powers had even-tempered considered the new nations as still belonging to Spain. The Americans had a sense of pride in the former Spanish colonies gaining independence. They felt as if the American Revolution was a model for these new Latin American nations (Faragher 265). After Napoleon went down, the monarchy in Spain regained power ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The Spanish had felt embarrassed after losing their colonies to independence. In 1815 tzar Alexander I of Russia and the monarchs of Austria and Prussia form the Blessed Alliance. This alliance was a group set out to maintain autocracy (Migill 594). Spain then demanded the return of its colonies of the New World (Migill 594). With the possibility of help from the Holy Alliance and France, Spains goal was looking realistic. The Americans also feared that if the Spanish colonies were recaptured the United States might be next ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). Great Britain refused to let the Spanish dispense back their now independent colonies. As free countries the new Spanish-American nations could trade more goods with Great Britain. However, if Spain regains control of their former colonies then trade with Great Britain would drop drastically ("Monroe Doctrine" 617). The Russian Tsar attempted to extend his interest of expansion in North America. In 1821 Russia had claims on the North Western margin of the North American continent as low as the 51st parallel, deep into the Oregon Territory (Migill 595). On September 14th of the same year Tsar Alexander I issued an Imperial Ukase (decree), saying that no foreign vessels could come within 100 Italian miles of Russian territory. Although the decree was never enforced, John Quincy Adams, the secretaire of State at the time, strongly opposed it. Adams felt that many regions of North America were still unexplored such as Alaska and North Western Canada.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Success. It is something that everyone wants, but no one realises exactly what it is. Some gestate it to be how many friends they have, how nice their car is or even being able to stay awake through graduation. I cerebrate it is something different. I believe that success is determined by what a person does with the gifts and opportunities with which they were blessed. Our times at Powell High School have given us both those gifts and the opportunity. We have been well-off enough to have several wonderful influences shape us into the people we are today. First of all, we should show our undying gratitude to our parents. They tolerated everything that we were able to put them through and they are here about to cry because we are leaving Even though they seem abandoned, you dont have to worry too much, they will manage. I personally know that my mom has probably spent several nights sleepless wondering what she is going to do with my twin sister Danielles and my rooms and what col or she is going to paint them later we leave. As far as my dad is concerned, Im sure that he will be ...

Siddhartha Essay -- Essays Papers

SiddharthaIn the novel Siddhartha by Herman Hesse, the main character experiences many ups and downs while on his journey to inner peace. First, he decides to live his life-time as a Samana. Later he abandons that life in return for a life as a rich man. In the end he decides that his rich life is unsatisfying and he begins the simple life of a ferryman. Herman Hesse writes about what it takes to commence inner peace through his character Siddhartha.Siddhartha decides the way to obtain peace is by living like a Samana. Tomorrow at daybreak I will begin the life of the Samanas. (Pg 10) Siddhartha rids his life of all the things he doesnt need. Then he learns how to control his inner self, but is unable to gain inner peace. He meets a young girl named Kamala, and this mak...

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

Shortage of Books      Ive always said poetry and tears, poetry and suicide and squall and awful feelings, poetry and sickness all that mush exclaimed Mrs. Bowles to Montag in Ray Bradburys book Fahrenheit 451 (103). Mrs. Bowles thinks written words can make an single really gloomy and disconsolate. Because the goal of this society is to always be satisfied, and to stay satisfied mickle watch TV, made up stories, which never makes them think or wonder, that is why Mrs. Bowles is convinced that poems are nasty. How does banning of books affect a whole community? Does the human civilization really differ without them? According to Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury assembles a civilization that is affected in three ways from having a lack of books more brutality is among people, preternatural relationships cultivate, and intelligent capabilities go down.     First, cognitive ability degenerated because of the banning of books. see Faber, he said to M ontag That was the year I came to class at the start of the new semester and found only one student to sign up for playing period from Aeschylus to ONeill (91). Faber told Montag a memory of how books were like a beautiful statue of ice, melting in the sun. He later realized that books had no meaning to people because people stopped thinking. If the lack of books has caused people to stop thinking, then people act on impulse, rather than taking the time to consider the effect of what they are doing. Therefore, the decrease of knowledge obviously caused ignorance which in turn leads to the unawareness of ones self being taken advantage of or enslaved. In greater meaning if an individual deprives a society of individual rights or slowly outlaws educational sources (such as books in this case) and do not let people make their own choices for themselves, then they pay off to lose interest in things they enjoy and "fall into the crowd" becoming (though unaware) toys of the lead ers of that society, who lead that crowd of people like a flock of lambs, and and then controlling everyone.     In addition to unawareness, abnormal relationships develop in the society because without books one couple may struggle in communication. After Beattys hollo Mildred concluded Montags question My family is people. They tell me things I laugh, they laugh And the colors(75). Mildred feels her family is just people as if she thought people were just objects roaming around the earth.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

Shortage of Books      Ive always said poetry and tears, poetry and felo-de-se and crying and awful feelings, poetry and sickness all that mush exclaimed Mrs. Bowles to Montag in Ray Bradburys book Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 (103). Mrs. Bowles designates written words can irritate an private really gloomy and disconsolate. Because the goal of this society is to always be satisfied, and to stay satisfied people watch TV, made up stories, which never makes them think or wonder, that is why Mrs. Bowles is convinced that poems atomic number 18 nasty. How does illegalise of books affect a whole community? Does the human civilization really differ without them? According to Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury assembles a civilization that is affected in three ways from having a lack of books more brutality is among people, preternatural relationships cultivate, and intelligent capabilities decrease.     First, cognitive ability degenerated because of t he banning of books. Visiting Faber, he said to Montag That was the year I came to class at the start of the new semester and found only one student to sign up for Drama from Aeschylus to ONeill (91). Faber told Montag a memory of how books were like a beautiful statue of ice, melting in the sun. He later realized that books had no meaning to people because people stopped thinking. If the lack of books has caused people to stop thinking, so people act on impulse, rather than taking the time to consider the effect of what they are doing. Therefore, the decrease of knowledge obviously caused ignorance which in turn leads to the unawareness of ones self being taken advantage of or enslaved. In greater meaning if an individual deprives a society of individual rights or slowly outlaws educational sources (such as books in this case) and do not let people make their own choices for themselves, then they begin to lose interest in things they enjoy and "fall into the crowd" becomin g (though unaware) toys of the leaders of that society, who lead that crowd of people like a raft of lambs, and thus controlling everyone.     In addition to unawareness, abnormal relationships develop in the society because without books one couple may struggle in communication. After Beattys visit Mildred concluded Montags question My family is people. They tell me things I laugh, they laugh And the colors(75). Mildred feels her family is just people as if she thought people were just objects roaming well-nigh the earth.

Physiological manipulation in novel Essay

Aldous Huxley is a visionary in every sense of the word, as he paints a vivid send off of the future that is second to none. His imagination is almost prophetic as he boldly presents his idea of futuristic community and the direction of mankind. Huxleys imaginary society in the heroic reinvigorated World controls citizens through physiological manipulation during birth, psychological conditioning while growing up and a hallucinogenic dose called Soma to provide instant gratification (Huxley 15).Although these techniques ar said to eradicate class discrimination, religion and unhappiness, it paves the way for a lackluster, grey foundation deprived of some(prenominal) real life and creative ideas. Huxleys visions of applied science of the future such as genetic engineering, mind-altering drugs and bio-technological advances be quite startling. In spite of having classic science-fiction traits, there is a Shakespearean character as well as weak-minded and strong-spirited val et de chambre characters in the confine that one can relate to.The Brave New World is a book with several subtle layers that is entertaining and enlightening at the same time. Although the subject matter of the book is quite dense, it is presented in sarcastic fashion. Huxleys Ford analogy apologises how technology is in any case an illusion to exercise control, which has been put in place to replace previous control mechanisms such as religion. Huxleys political commentary describing an anti-utopian society controlled by a totalistic organization is relevant, even in todays context.Although the centralized world government claims technology to be advancing, it merely improves upon existing technologies and fails to make any new breakthroughs in science, thereby keeping people ignorant. The manipulative government also restricts raising and promotes polygamous physical relationship, thereby killing meaningful family values and moral gratification. One of the most intriguing is sues raised by Huxleys exit is the trustworthy meaning of happiness. It makes one reexamine life and realize that happiness is not merely avoidance of pain, conforming to societal norms and amassing wealth.Huxley, through the depiction of the totalitarian government, tries to explain the evils of people losing power and one body exercising absolute control over the masses. Although the book is over seventy-five years old, it is still very relevant in our contemporary political scenario. Huxleys work also seeks out to enlighten the world about the importance of individuality and freedom of thought. It ultimately makes a statement that blind conformity backed up by fear will only lead to complete surrender of the human mind and soul.On careful analysis, one would come to realize that the fictional society portrayed in Brave New World is not merely a work of Huxleys fantasy, but actually an extrapolation of our degrading societal values such as greed, meaningless relationships and hy per- consumerism. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tells us about the consequences of technology over-stepping the records boundaries. It shares recurring themes with Brave New World such as scientists creating life by going against the laws of nature. In both the books, the characters try to use technology to better mankind, but eventually end up making things worse.Both the authors feel that unchecked growth of technology could lead to dire consequences. In the book On the Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche reveals the moral crisis that industrialization had brought to the lives of people. Though he believes that human life would be better without religion, he feels human beings need a moral frame of reference to be disciplined. Nietzsche and Huxley share a common view on religion keeping down humans from realizing their true potential. Again, nihilism of established standards and belief systems to enhance human life are common in both the authors works.Fyodor Dostoevsky in The Grand Inqu isitor portrays the return of Jesus saviour and his arrest by the Spanish Inquisition. God is blamed for bestowing freedom upon human beings and thereby making them suffer (Dostoevsky 249). The Church starts to work with the devil to end human suffering, wherein only a few posses freedom while the rest live and die blissfully in ignorance. This theme in Dostoevskys parable parallels the Brave New Worlds totalitarian government ruling over the ignorant people of the world who are free from pain.I believe our world is moving towards Huxleys prediction of universal singularity. We are witnessing our freedoms being taken away right under noses by the government, under the pretense of security and progress. We are seeing the decline of families and a blind urge for physical gratification running rampant driven by mindless television entertainment. We are also observing alarmingly higher levels of consumption as well as production, while original thought is gradually deteriorating. Techn ology is growing exponentially and fit more and more pervasive by the day.However, in spite of all this, people do not seem to be enjoying true happiness and are turning towards anti-depressants to relieve stress, thereby reiterating Huxleys vision again. Works Cited Page Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Grand Inquisitor. The Brothers Karamazov. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000. 246-264. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. Harper & Row Publishers, 1969. Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morals. New York Oxford University Press, 1999. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Pocket Books, 2004.

Mayan Calendar

The Mayan schedule is a manifold system of time-tracking developed by the Mayan civilization of Mesoamerica. The calendar was developed using some(prenominal) different mechanisms of tracking time according to the astronomic or mythic events. The Mayans had many different calendars by the time of the ancient civilizations of Central and South America, however, the Mayan Calendar was to be considered the most accelerate. It is known as a clear indication of the educated significance in Mayan culture. There are three different types of go out systems use upd in conjunction with the Mayan Calendar.The coherent Count, The Tzolkin, and the Haab. The Long Count calendar identifies a date by counting the number of years from the Mayan creation date. Long count days were tallied in a modified 20-base scheme. For periods that are meant to be longer than 52 years the Long Count Calendar was used. There is no evidence that the Long Count Calendar is meant to be repeating. This type of cal endar can be found carved on Mayan Monuments. The Tzolkin calendar is the sacred stargaze calendar for the Mayans. The calendar consists of 20 day signs combined with 13 numbers.The 13 numbers tell how many days it takes for the moon to go from new to respectable and another 13 from full to new. The 260 day calendar is believed to be tied to the womans birth cycle. The Tzolkin calendar has also been used for agricultural cooking in determining the length of time between planting crops and harvesting. Tzolkin calendar was considered to be the most important of the calendar systems. The Haab calendar is comprised of 18 months of 20 days each. It is preceded by five extra days known as Uayeb thus giving the years length of 365 days.Uayeb was considered to be the unlucky period. The persons born on these days were doomed to a miserable life. The days in of the month used in Haab were numbered 0 to 19 rather than 1 to 20. The use of the 0th day has significance due to the fact that it is believed Mayans discovered the number zero centuries before it was discovered in Europe or Asia. The years of the Haab calendar are not counted. The system of the Mayan calendar ended with the fall of the Mayan civilization. The majority of the remaining knowledge of it was destroyed by he Spanish during the overthrow. It wasnt until the 1990s that archeologists discovered more extensive knowledge of the Mayan civilization regarding the calendrical system. The Mayans were believed to be skilled mathematicians and astronomers far beyond their time. They had a firm understanding of modular arithmetic. In conclusion, for us the Mayan calendar is a glimpse into the ancient world and how they viewed astronomy, time and dates. The ramification of the Mayan calendar tells experts a substantial amount about their culture or way of life.Due to the Long Count calendar the Mayans believed they would be around for many years. Though pre-Columbian Mesoamerica remains concealed in conundrum, we continuously issue discoveries and artifacts throughout the years. The discoveries lead us to more knowledgeable understanding of the Mayan calendar. It is considered to be a precious piece of information. Many archeologists and anthropologists proclaim that it is worth the study and pursuit. It is viewed as an open door into a buried history that experts still valiantly try to understand. www. webexhibits. org www. mayancountdown. net

Keda Case Analysis Essay

Organization ERP supports tightly knit collaboration among different sections. departmental boundaries argon replaced by streamline data flows & integrated business processes. Human Resources- Management, department heads, IT staff and users worked as a team. Keda provided high customization across increasingly several(a) product lines to tack together client needs. Technology- Technology is integrated to support alone primary activities. ERP enables flow of information across department, so timely and strategic decisions are made.Purchasing Technology enabled right estimates and timely access of raw materials. Stocking could be limited Service node Service and repair of parts Service Customer Service and repair of parts Outbound IT helped keep track of delivery of customized products and straightaway financial reconciliation Outbound IT helped keep track of delivery of customized products and faster financial reconciliation Inbound ERP enabled effective bloodline management Inventory could be received in timely manner Inbound ERP enabled effective inventory management Inventory could be received in timely manner Marketing & SalesLow percentage of unsold inventory, improved market responsiveness, be estimates Marketing & Sales Low percentage of unsold inventory, improved market responsiveness, costing estimates Operations Keda has a broad offering spanning industrial machinery for ceramics, stone processing, building Materials & energy resource management Operations Keda has a broad offering spanning industrial machinery for ceramics, stone processing, building Materials & energy resource management 2) Reasons for Keda to embark on an ERP implementation project There was a pressure and incentives from Chinese government to promote computerization in corporations in an effort to catch up with the unusual firms. 3) Inventory Management- Kedas low volume and high customization across an increasingly diverse product line made it difficult to keep track o f the umteen unique, individual parts. 4) Cost Management Mess in material management made cost of a product unclear and costing was based on experience. Profit or loss from sale of product was unclear due to mess in material management. Thus pricing of products was difficult. ) Opportunity Cost Keda struggled to meet demand. It produced much below the market demand. Suboptimal use of resources represented a significant opportunity cost for the company. Reusable materials were scrapped and precious machine time was often wasted. 6) MRP II system Keda had opened multiple pants. The existing MRP II system could not support multi-plant operations. 3) Critical Success factors and the structures in place Top management support, primaeval users involvement and clear roles and responsibilities mingled with IT, consultants and staff were critical success factors and central to the initiatives success.The implementation team was built taking into account the roles and responsibilities of all the employees of Keda. Top management were responsible for critical decisions, get a line users supplied the actual data, IT staff used this data as requirements for the process design, managers and department head acted as intermediaries between users and IT team. The key users were at the core, the consultants acted as coaches and the IT officers provided task support to users and consultants.Vital representatives such as departmental managers and essential operational staff possessed comprehensive taking into custody of the operations and needs of the department. Top management would provide overall project direction and make critical decisions consulting support would be provided by personnel from digital China project managers would be assigned from both KEDA and Digital China departmental representatives would oversee the business process design and system design aspects and the IT department would provide all necessary technical support.Each ERP system module was ass igned an owner from the associated department, who was fully responsible for the workflow and operational details of the module. The key users ensured that the systems design correctly reflected business practices, and they also played a crucial role in training users within their respective departments. autobus from each department worked closely with the IT department. Determined team effort was a beneficial and essential part of project success. Involving all the stakeholders helped limit resistance and undying changes once the system went live.

Marine Resources Assignment

1) Five points from the executive summary that is not discussed in the video.The ocean of America earns its people and those who relies on it. Problems regarding the proper maintenance and how to view good c ar of the ocean and the creatures living in it pay arisen due to some circumstances. People have done a lot of things that harms the ocean. At first, these people did not recognize the negat6ive effect of their activities against them, simply now that the bother has grown they fear that someday they will not benefit from the ocean anymore.Regarding this situation, people concerned have analyzed the cause of the problem and how it affects them. And from they information they have gathered from reviewing the cause of the problem, they come up with the possible solutions against the problem regarding the ocean and now they are trying to implement it with the aim of saving the ocean from possible destruction caused by their own activities.Some of the problems have already caused damage to the ocean and effects of it have also affected the people living within the said area. These problems have caused a lot of damage but from these damages people have realized their mistakes and are now trying to come up with it by doing their responsibilities well.From the proper actions done by the people who are concerned in saving the ocean from possible disaster, the ocean is now recovering from the previous damages it have suffered and still continues to regain what it may have lost from the past years.2) Five points that are discussed I the video and are expanded in the summary.America relies on the ocean for a lot of pregnant and vital things they need. Job opportunities for a lot of people living in the coastal area depend on the ocean to maintain their job for their families. tourism also depends on the ocean because the shore of the ocean has been a recreational area for the past years. But now, the ocean faces major problem. The ocean is now organism ruined by the people due to their improper activities which cause negative effects to the ocean.A lot of problems regarding the ocean occur. Some are very such(prenominal) affecting the ocean. Some of these problems exist naturally but a lot of these problems are caused by human recklessness. As we know our part, we should be capable and answerable of doing it well in order to keep our oceans in order. On the other hand, being reckless and irresponsible regarding our duties to protect the ocean causes destruction to the ocean where we got a lot of benefits.The developments of the coastal area are also affecting the ocean. These coastal developments have the tendency to destroy the sanctuary of a lot of marine creatures and so affecting the ecological balance of the oceans ecosystem. Another problem is the uncontrollable flow of oil to the oceans surface that endangers the lives of marine creatures. excessively the population growth of the commercial fishes that lives in the ocean causes a nother problem because they tend to be a competitor for other marine creatures.Yet on the brighter side of the situation, light of hope exists as we see the improvement of the ocean and the survival of the creatures living in it. These are caused by the activities which are conducted to revive and live over the former healthy ocean we once have. From these lights of hope starts to do our part to resolve the problem and still hopes that from this we will now be able to take care of oceans well.

Divorce, the Cause and Effect

The carve up rate in America is at an all time high with round 41% of the first time marriages and 60% of second marriages ending in a divorce, which I am a statistic of both. Two major causes that lead to a rise of divorce rates is lack of intercourse and financial problems the overall effect of a divorce is a persons general happiness. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the primary reasons why people cannot stay married is a lack of communication.Communication is a vital element in a marriage couples necessity to discuss their problems with one another. If a couple does not discuss how they feel, their cooperator will never understand what they are feeling. Open communication will book each other to know the situation he/she does not like, so that maybe they will be more considerate of the others feelings, and will adjust to control the other spouse. We should also listen to what our spouse is trying to tell us sometimes we hear, merely we do not listen.For example, if we fi nd ourselves arguing over the said(prenominal) topic over and over again, that means one of us was not listening. Communication is a vital key to a successful marriage and without communication the marriage is doom to fail. I can personally attest to this. I have been married three times, the first was a cause other than communication, but the second was defiantly due to the lack of communication and one not being able to accept what the other one was saying. The second cause of divorce is financial problems.Sometimes when there is financial hardships due to the loss of a job, economy, or illness, a spouse will lose control oppose to retention their composure and certifying a loved one. Just because you spouse got laid off from work does not mean that everything is going to crumble. This is the time a spouse should be supportive of the other spouse in a new job search. If the financial problems are due to over spending and living beyond ones means, because the two spouses shall sit down and discuss their spending habits and ways to correct the problem.Effects of a divorce can be general happiness. Some people after a divorce can be severely depressed because they feel they have lost everything. People shit the places and things they used to do were as a couple. A person feels isolated and alone at a married friends house, a person especially females no longer feel the financial stability, and security. Some people need a companion all the time so the loneliness leads to depression and they cannot cope without having individual with them, leading to medication or alcohol to try to overcome the depression.In conclusion, I believe that if a couple communicates with each other and will support one another financially through difficult times they will have a successful marriage. If a person has a successful marriage, then they should be a happier person. The divorce rate would be lower if people would sit down and take the time to realize what they want and w hat their spouse wants. to begin with a couple gets married they need to learn to communicate and be financially supportive of each other, then that is when a couple knows that they are draw for marriage.

Knorr Soup Essay

Can dope ups be a healthy morsel in Bangladesh Can soups be a healthy snack in Bangladesh? With the winter season coming up Brand Managers at Unilever want to further settle Knorr in Bangladesh. But the most important apparent motion that remains for them is how they make top end unhealthy evening snackers consume soup instead of the shingara, samosas and burgers of the world. It has been 9 months since Unilever launched Knorr dopes and entered into the savory category. Given the size of the soup manufacture in Bangladesh, Unilever has placed a lot of emphasis on Chicken Mushroom and Chicken Ginger and the vegetarian variant Tomato.Each pack contains enough soup to serve two people. Knorr was launched with the most important proposition the establishing the Knorr brand in the minds of consumers and pave a way for the entry of other product extensions in the future. Soup was launched at a time when a trade, although small, was growing consumers at a were rapid pace, where the experience of real ingredients in its soups. Knorr soups contain real bits of chicken and vegetables that could be both visibly seen as well as tasted during experiencing goodness of soup at their homes and including it as a part of a more regular diet.Knorr overly believes in doing business sustainably, by reducing impact on the environment and focuses on providing exciting products which are environmentally friendly. running of the business, also head their respective(prenominal) functions. The Company has management strength of 200+ across different levels and another 600+ are employed (NMS). as non-management operations staff in Unilever Bangladesh provide habit to over 10,000 people directly and through its dedicated suppliers, distributors and service providers. Moving ahead Bangladesh is considered one of the nextKnorr The brand Knorr brand was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr and has its root in Heilbronn, Germany. Knorr along with other brands was acquired by Unilever in the year 2000, when the company acquired Best Foods. With annual sales 11 countries that hold immense potential by Unilever standards, clocking consistent GDP growth of 5-6% over the past 5 years and with a huge population base of 160 million, it makes it an attractive market for FMCG players like Unilever. Unilever has a strong growth vision going ahead, and diversifying into new product categories as a part of its growth strategy. Internationally, theIn exploitation & uphill markets like Bangladesh, foods are seen to be the way forward to pull through growth and tap into a highly potential market food category plays a very important role in the Unilever business portfolio. In many countries, Foods provide a higher contribution to business comparison to HPC. In developing & emerging markets like Bangladesh, foods are seen to be the way forward to deliver growth and tap into a highly potential market. Knorr is one of the brands that Unilever Bangladesh wants to use to strengthen its footprint in the foods industry in Bangladesh. Unilever Bangladesh outlets that sold Maggi soup.Going forward the sales team plan to continue providing Knorr soup to match those outlets where Maggi soup is currently available, but care has to be taken since with food items, the expiry sensitivity is always an issue when placing in shops. believes that as the food category grows it will deliver the growth required to achieve the organizations ambition. The success of Knorr Soup in Bangladesh, therefore, is directly linked to the success of the category and the brand. The challenge with consumers Soup in Bangladesh has always been seen as a healthy meal for kids, elderly people and something nutritious for people who are ill.

Cultural Misunderstanding Essay

Nowadays, with the development of modern technology, the world tends to be a global village. It is quite an convenient to amour peck from some other countries by telephone, fax or on the internet. Therefore, firms get to a greater extent(prenominal) opportunities to sell their products overseas. However, as we all know, distinct countries have their own unique cultures. Hofstede who is a pioneer of comparative degree inter cultural research describes culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another(prenominal) (Henk, Joseph Soeters and Peter Ester 2004,34). Owing to diverse company management, languages as well as customs, cultural conflict go away arise from communication between people of different cultural backgrounds. This essay tries to present the main elements of cultural misunderstanding during cross cultural business and then find some effective ways to subdue or mitigate those problems.Different cultures make the world diversified. However, unfortunately, it also causes some negative effects on international business, which empennage lead to misunderstanding, confusion even anger. It usually appears in fol number 1ing aspects1). Misunderstandings base on power distance According to Gallois and Callan(1997,28 ), the distance between a manager and subordinate can be considered as to extent to which employees can agree with their bosses or managers. It has two different styles high distance and first base distance. High power distance culture is usually found in some oriental countries, in particular in Japan, Korea and China. Superiors seem to be entitled to more privileges. They are the centre of the whole company, their status (based on age, experience, or position) gives them the right to tell others what to do, and subordinates always esteem the managers.On the other hand, in western countries, an employee can have different opinions to his/her boss and can discuss p roblems with their manager face-to-face. Actually, deference of power in low power distance is based on knowledge and experience, rather than status or position un accessible (Gallois and Callan, 1997,28). Because of the different realization of power distance, conflict and misunderstanding must emerge when two or more who come from different power distance cultures work together. In this situation, managers ofmultinational companies must pay anxiety to the clashes and be aware of the difference of cultures. The manager should know how to let those employees work together harmoniously and cooperatively.2). Misunderstandings based on language As the medium of information, language is used to express ideas, thoughts, and beliefs. Different nations use different languages, so there will be loss or misunderstanding during communication. For instance, in some countries, people like using implicit words, which are hard for foreigners to understand. It will cause big problems in cross-cu ltural negotiations. Language-based misunderstandings will happen, even with two native speakers of the uniform language, but from different dialect groups or kindly classes, communicating, because of accent, slang or technical terms.Whats more, according to Gallois and Callan (1997, 7), language is also associated with non-verbal communication, which includes gestures, body language, eye contact and some types of non-verbal behavior are used based on the users culture. Therefore, it is common that corresponding gestures will have different meanings in different countries. Thus, the non-verbal channel is another contributor of misunderstanding. For example, an Indian thrill his/her head means yes instead of no In order to reduce language-based misunderstanding, overseas sellers should follow the guest orientation principle and do business in the customers language and communication style. In other words, it is essential to pay extra attention to the communication process, even if it takes more time.3). Misunderstandings based on social rules. Social rules are defined as shared expectations about the behavior that should and should not chance in specific social situations (Gallois and Callan,1997,33). But the rules are different from one situation to another. Take promptitude as an example we all know time is money, but when there is a conference, Germans usually fix 5 minutes before the start and Spanish people will be late for 15 minutes late. However, in their mind they are both on time. Furthermore, when Western people converse with each other, the usual distances are between 0.5 and 1 meter. However, in China, the distance is much less, especially in a restaurant when peoples bodies will touch very closely.Some Westerners feel uncomfortable in that situation. In a word, to keep an open mind about other peoples social rules and respect for those rules is very necessary. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.From what has been discussed before, cultural c onflicts are inevitable during cross-cultural business, due to differences in company management, language, attitude toward times, social behavior, etc.. People are not all the same under the skin. As a professional business person, he/she should be willing to learn other nations cultures and keep an open mind, and adapt himself/herself to fit into the business environment in order to get the better(p) achievement in business.ReferencesGallois,C and V.Callan (1997) Communication and Culture. JOHN WILEY&SONSVinken,H, Joseph Soeters and Peter Ester(2004) Comparing Culture Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective. BRILLThe Content of Intercultural Communication http//www.ahtvu.ah.cn/jxcl/zhykch/1107/supplementary%20reading2htm 25/01/2006

Man-made environment issue- Eutrophication Essay

Eutrophication is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances to an aquatic system. (Schindler, David and Vallentyne, John R. 2004)Most mass weary t really know ab give away it, so Im writing this essay to rate some facts about two major causes, the bad effect in my country China and the bar and reversal and how muckle the alga be used to nominate more benefit to the world and state who live on it. The two major causes of eutrophication argon excess nitrates and excess phosphates in urine.(e-How Jul 05, 2012)Many farmers use fertilizers to make their plants grow better, only one of the most frequently-used fertilizers is the fertilizer which contain nitrates and phosphates. Once fertilizer is applied, the nitrates, which are water soluble, will leach into groundwater or erode and end up in surface runoff. Phosphates will split to soil articles, and often accumulate in soil and erode, along with soil, into aquatic environments. ( Smith, V. H. Tilman, G. D. Nekola, J. C. 1999. ) Meanwhile, nitrates can in like manner fly into the atmosphere, where they be trace a major source of acid rain.When the raindrops drop into lakes or rivers and streams, on that point are nitrates that come into water and cause the eutrophication. The bad effect of eutrophication in China is really serious. One of the most celebrated ones is the Tai River blue-green algae in 2007. Because of the eruption of blue-green algae, the water cant be used at all. It smells like something is becoming putrid. Also some algal blooms are toxic to plants and animals. It has stirred the citizens lives they can just drink and use the water which was brought in shops.The urgent demand of the water has caused the price of the water to became more and more expensive. (Face to the Tai River blue-green algae 2007) It has not only brought pile a grant of inconvenience but it also causes ecological consequences. The general types of ecological consequences a llow in reduction in biodiversity, die-off of certain organisms, reduction in visibility and mobility functions due to biotic overgrowth. (Eutrophication December 18, 2007) Because it causes a lot of biont to die, it breaks the balance of the natural world.Once the balance is broke, itll take a lot of time and plenty of homo interference to fix it. In addition, it also affects the pocketbook of fishermen. There was less fish so fishermen could not catch many fish. (Face to the Tai River blue-green algae 2007) Even though eutrophication is just like an evil, there are still some ways to make it better. First of all, people can put to work it by using biont that can remove or eradicate the nitrates or algae. One proposed solution to eutrophication in estuaries is to define shellfish populations, such as oysters.Oyster reefs remove nitrogen from the water column and filter out suspended solids, subsequently reducing the likelihood or extent of harmful algal blooms or anoxic condi tions. (Kroeger, Timm, 2012) And some plants, such as water hyacinth, Alternanthera sessilis, Zizania aquatica and plants like them are also helpful. ( No data,2008). The second one is a future work minimizing nonpoint pollution. People can make riparian cushion zones which are interfaces between a flowing body of water and land. Creating riparian buffer zones nearby farms and roads is an efficient way to manage the eutrophication worry goes further.( Angold P. G. 1997) At the mean time, government can manage this problem by promulgating policy. The policy can be broken into four major sectors technologies, public participation, economic instruments, and cooperation. Technologies include all large-hearteds of technologies that can prevent the eutrophication or can make it within a region. (Oglesby, R. T. and Edmondson, W. T. 1966. ) For example, the treatment of sewerage is one of them. Public participation is used to make sure people do something to help gust the eutrophicati on so that the policy will be effective.The economic instruments are used to give incentives to those who are eco-friendly. ( prep and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs An Integrated Approach to Eutrophication. 2000) The cooperation between different organizations is really necessary to prevent it spreading further. Lastly, sponsoring people to use algae is also a good idea. China is a good example. The supply of direct in China is always less than demand because Chinese love eating crabs. But the very(prenominal) crabs in Germany were so much that cause a lot of problems.The reason is Chinese eat them but German dont eat them. This means Chinese know how to use them, but Germans dont. However, how to use eutrophication? Ill talk about it in next paragraph. Although there are a lot of bad effects of eutrophication, it is also possible to use the algae. First, they are used as fertilizers, soil conditioners and are a source of livestock feed. People can also eat them. It is a co mplete protein with ingrained amino acids and it contains high amounts of simple and complex carbohydrates which provide the body with a source of additional fuel. (Uses of alga as competency source, Fertilizer, 2013) From this we can see, the algae not only can be eaten but it also has a high level of nutrition. They are good for humans, animals and land. As they are crude, it wont transgress the environment and they dont use a lot of energy. As a result, the eutrophication also has a good aspect. To conclude, although there are a lot of causes of eutrophication, there are still ways to solve the problem. By these solutions, people can be successes in managing the eutrophication and even use it as a kind of resource.This can be helpful to the short of resources and the environment. At last, I hope after reading my essay, you can learn more about eutrophication Reference list Angold P. G. (1997). The Impact of a Road Upon Adjacent heath Vegetation Effects on Plant Species Compos ition. The Journal of Applied Ecology 34 (2) 409417. inside10. 2307/2404886. JSTOR 2404886. Accessed 13 April 2013 eHOW, (2012) Causes & Effect of Eutrophication online Available at http//www. ehow. com/info_8387377_causes-effects-eutrophication. html Accessed 13 April 2013 Face to the Tai River blue-green algae (2007) onlineAvailable at http//news. sina. com. cn/c/2007-06-11/172513203878. shtml Accessed 13 April 2013 How to manage eutrophication (2007) online Available at http//www. goootech. com/solutions/detail/73015891. html Accessed 13 April 2013 Schindler, David and Vallentyne, John R. (2004) Over fertilization of the Worlds Freshwaters and Estuaries, University of Alberta Press, p. 1 Accessed 13 April 2013 Uses of Algae as Energy source, Fertilizer, Food and Pollution control (2013) online Available at http//www. oilgae. com/algae/use/use. html Accessed 13 April 2013

Human Nature †Are Humans Naturally Good or Evil? Essay

What is plan of as im chaste to one person flock be seen as ethical to a nonher, and vice versa. This is collect to the difference in the way graciouss perceive things, which is part of the intricacy of mankind. During the time men bed without a common power to keep them all in awe, they be in that conditions called war and such a war, as if of every man, against every man. (Hobbes) Hobbes states that worldly concern argon naturally injustice and need a powerful government to control them. Is it true?Rousseau thinks otherwise. In reasoning on the principles he (Thomas Hobbes) lays d consume, he ought to lay down said that the state of constitution, being that in which the care for our own preservation is the least prejudicial to that of others, was then the beat out calculated to promote peace, and the most suitable for mankind? man in the state of nature is both strong and dependent involves two contrary suppositions. Man is weak when he is dependent, and is his own o utperform before he comes to be strong. (Rousseau) The issue of dear and perversive is brought up in Lord of the go by William Golding, when innocent boys find themselves on a deserted island attempting to create a fellowship connatural to ours. What circumstances occur to them? How do past influences affect them? Are their actions good or diabolic? The actions of the boys were non a matter of being good or evil, but were actions for survival. A persons surround does not draw him towards good or evil, nor is he or she born with it inside.Humans have instincts that are not affairs of good and evil, but of survival. By natural instinct, humans get out do what is best for them especially for their survival. Animals, oft the likes of people, go through when in need. For instance, if they feel they are cornered, they would attack. If they need food, they will kill to eat. In Lord of the Flies, Ralph was being hunted by Jacks tribe, and in a desperate attempt in his defense, thr usts his spear through a crack at the inspecting savages. Ralph attacked someone of his own kind for his own survival.It can be reckond that man is the derivative of others animals, and as such, they have certain instincts that were instilled from birth. The boys posterior began to simulate the behavior of animals. At once the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the tool, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws. (Golding 153) William Goldings description of this scene leads a reader to believe that these boys acquired animal like qualities. Do you know of every human who tears with teeth and claws?The boys mistake Simon for their beast and result in ruthlessly killing him. In their state of mind of savagery and hunting, they saw themselves in danger of this beast and their first instinct was to kill anything in sight that had the possibility of being it. Humans, like animals, have a natural instin ct to protect themselves in case of danger, like attacking when cornered. Instincts are inherited, but indistinct characteristics such as good or evil are not. The significance of moral values do not apply to actions in internet sites for survival.Instincts are not about being moral or immoral, because the issue of being good and evil is undefined. Whether an action or situation is good or blue depends on who it is and how it is being perceived. This makes this issue uncertain due to the way it is projected from person to person. Since the way it is seen will differ, man cannot be exclusively evil or exclusively good. Consider the following example A dog constantly jumps on the window of a door in an attempt to get the solicitude of the family inside. He is doing this in hopes to be let back inside the house.Someone inside the house could view this as being evil, which would be different from the view of an animal lover. They would not consider this evil and would bring that th e dog had not ca employ physical harm and just didnt know any better. The dog doesnt believe that it is evil because he is only obeying environmental charge. Hes been inside before and knows that it is much nicer than outside, and wants the attention that is inside. The dog has tried to jump on the door before, and had received the attention of someone who thence let him in.This leads the dog to believe that what he is doing is the rectify thing to do. After all, he just wants in, right? So the dog is evil because someone inside says he is, but then he is not evil because he doesnt think he is. The opinions on what is evil and what isnt disagree with each other because of how it was perceived by each side. In Lord of the Flies there is a situation that deals with Piggys glasses, which is the key to fire on the island. The glasses were stolen in the middle of the night that leads to a fight in the dark among the boys.The fact that the glasses were stolen, and they were Piggys only aid for sight, can be seen as evil, but what about Jacks side? Jack acts upon his devoir to light a fire in order to cook the pig he killed with his tribe to fully enjoy their prize. Ralph and Samneric act on in a fight with whosoever they can touch first, without an attempt to reason. Which is evil in this situation? Humans are simply complex animals that respond to complex impulse, and their behaviors are influenced or are a return of everything that they learn starting from the day of their birth to the day of their death.Society sets a mold for the good and bad conditions that humans are learning from day to day. The role of society in being good or evil is that it acts as this guideline for that long lived dream of acceptance. Its where whats good gets you in, and whats evil is what will make you repulsive. The ideas of power and the abuse of that power are not learned from the environment. The environment is used as a resource to abuse that power. Jack masters the boys into joining his tribe and sets up his territory on the island.He threatens people to join his tribe, and hunts those that refuse to. Jacks tactics are an example of how he abuses power by using the environment and how he sets the society guidelines of acceptance. A society could not go where people are brought up to know what they define as right or wrong, and could stick to that without occupation. We ascertain things. But they dont get done. (Golding 79) On the island, the civilized rules of having drinking water, shelters, and having a spot for a lavatory are not followed.The boys were brought up having rules like these, but they did not stick to them due to the problem that they didnt have a strong enough authority figure to instill them. Society acts as this necessary component to life, and if its not there then it needs to be made. The creation of society begins with people who have the power to set the rules of acceptance, and they are the ones who establish what is good and what is evil. Society may manipulate others into believing what is good and evil, but those that manipulate society create that belief.In conclusion, Hobbes and Rousseau are both, in a sense, right and wrong. Hobbes said that human nature is evil and need to be controlled while Rousseau said human nature is good and need to govern themselves. Its not that humans are innately good or evil, its their natural instinct that drives them to do immoral or ethical deeds establish upon what society leads them to believe. People cannot exclusively be good or evil because the state of good and evil is undefined. People are born with an instinct that drives them to do what is necessary in extreme measures.This instinct overtakes any other preceding thought and becomes the need for survival. In Lord of the Flies, it wasnt whether or not the inhabitants were evil or good, it was their human reaction and instinct in the case of survival. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York, NY Putnam Gro up, 1954. Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Ed. J C A. Gaskin. Oxford, NY Oxford UP, 1998. Rousseau, Jean Jacques. The Social Contract and the First and Second Discourses. Ed. Susan Dunn. Binghamton, NY Vail-Ballou P, 2002.

Molar Mass of a Solid Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this experiment is to determine the hoagy piling of an foreigner substantial. The freezing peak of a solvent (Cyclohexane) was inflexible, and compargon to the freezing forefront of Cyclohexane with the sum of two different concentration of unknown solid. The pure substance of Cyclohexane has defined animal(prenominal) properties. However, when a solute is increaseed these properties argon determined by the centre of solute added, also known as colligative properties. The temperature of the freezing crest was lowered when the solid was added and it decreased as the concentration of the solid increased. The groyneality of the solute was determined, which was then employ to calculate the gram moleculear circumstances of the solid for both political campaigns. An average of the hoagy clutch of the unknown solid was calculated to be 286.87+1.796g/mol with a %RSD of 0.626%. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain the molar aggregate of an unk nown solid.The molar mass is determined by dissolving the unknown compound into a pure liquid with defined physical properties, in this case Cyclohexane. When dissolving a solute, it forms a homogeneous source, in which the solvent of the solution physical properties are not longer defined, but depends on the amount of solute added. Whenever a substance is dissolved in a solvent, the vapor haul decreases. When the vapor pressure decreases, it also lowers the boiling and freezing point of the solvent and increases the osmotic pressure. These four properties are known as the colligative properties, the magnitude of the changes depends on the amount of solute dissolve the changes are straightway proportional to each other. The higher(prenominal) the solute concentration, the higher the changes of vapor pressure, accordingly, a lower freezing point. It is hypothesized that the freezing point temperature will decreased, if there is a higher concentration of the solid added to the so ution. Vapor pressure is thepressure exerted by a vapor when the vapor is in a state of dynamic equilibrium with its liquid. When a nonvolatile solute is dissolves in the solvent, solute molecules occupy a part of the surface area.This allows molecules into the vapor state, lowing the vapor pressure of the solvent. When the vapor pressure lowers, the boiling point elevates, due to the presence of the solute. Solute added to the solvent affects the freezing point, the energy of the solvent lowers to increase the magnitude of the intermolecular forces for the molecules to get together to form a solid. The colligative properties are useful for determining molar multitude of unknown nonvolatile solute. At low concentrations of a nonvolatile solute, the freezingpoint of picture of a solvent corporation be determine by Tf = Kf (solvent) -Tf (solution) = Kf m. Changes in freezing point Tf are at one time proportional to the molality, m, of the solute in solution (molality, m = mol sol ute/ kg solvent). The freezing-point constant, Kf for Cyclohexane is 20C k/mol, which is used to obtain the amount of moles of solute in the solution, which is inversely proportional to the change of freezing point Tf.The molal mass obtained is essential to obtain the molar mass of the unknown solid (solute). The molal mass shows the unknown amount of moles of solute are need it per kilogram of solvent. Acquiring the number of moles of solute and analyzing it with the grams of solute measured in the laboratory obtaining the molar mass of the unknown solute.i The cooling behavior of a solution different from a pure liquid solution when a solute its added. Te temperature at which the solution begins to freeze is lower than the pure solvent. The freezing point also lowers when there is a higher concentration of solute added to the solution. The molar mass of unknown solid can be determined by any of the colligative properties, the freezing point is not an exception and by lettered th e mass of solute and temperature of the freezing point, the molar mass can be obtained.DiscussionThe freezing point depression is a colligative property of solutions, which is based only on the amount of solute added and not the defined chemical and physical properties of the substance. The freezing point of Cyclohexane observed was 4.97C, from the cooling curve (Figure 1). Freezing point values of Trial 1 and Trial 2 were collected, to compared to the freezing point of Cyclohexane and determine he depression of the solute. The unknown solid yielded a freezing depression of 3.64C for trial 1, and 2.84C for trial 2 (Figure 2 & 3). These values were compared to the fender mass of unknown solute added to the Cyclohexane and the approximate molar mass ofthe unknown solid.The molar mass that was calculated for trial 1 was 288.14-g/mol, while trial 2 was 285.60-g/mol (Table 3). The average of the molar mass was calculated, and the molar mass of the unknown solid observed was approximatel y 286.87-g/mol. When calculating the monetary standard departure was obtain only +1.796g/mol when comparing both trials to the mean. The values are apparently close up together, reservation them highly precise, however, is unknown if the values are accurate, the unknown solid actual molar mass still unknown. The relative standard deviation percent, obtained was 0.626% (Table 3) this measurement expresses precision of the data, the smaller RSD the greater the precision for the average value of the data.The %RSD, is extremely low, making it the results a tremendously precise data of the mean. However, there was a possible error that could have affect the results. The error occurred during recording the cooling temperature of trial 1, the ice melted and the test tube was removed to add more ice into the beaker. Also, while recording the temperature of the Cyclohexane upon addition of unknown solid, the sample was not stir and therefore the value could have probably been invalid. Co nstant stirring of solution would have assured an even shamble of the solute particles and a more accurate freezing point. These small errors could have affected both trials creating a higher observed molar mass value for both trials.ConclusionThe experiment allowed for the determination of freezing point of Cyclohexane based on a logger pro software with calibrated thermometers to be approximately 4.97C (Table 1). Freezing point depression was observed when two trials of different concentration of the unknown solid were added to the Cyclohexane. As the concentration of the unknown solid increased, the freezing point of the solution was also lowered (Table 2). As seen on Figure 4, when placing all three graphs it is visible, when solute is added a lower freezing point is observed. Using experimental measurements, the molar mass of the unknown solid was calculated to be 286.87+1.796g/mol. Based on the relative standard deviation percent (%RSD) of 0.626%, shows a highly precise measu rements of unknown solid molar mass when compared to the mean values.

An Irregular Warfare Strategy for Somalia Essay

IntroductionThe accustom of Irregular fight has been current for years around the world. Irregular warfare is described as a violent struggle among order and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. I will discuss where the U.S. may apply armed forces force in conjunction with another(prenominal) means of democracyal spot to stabilize the nation of Somalia. I will also discuss why it would be considered as an Irregular Warfare environment.BodySomalia weeed its freedom from British program line in 1960, where the British relinquished control and gave Somalia to the linked Nations. Somalia was governed by civilians until 1969 after which the phalanx rebellion by ecumenic Muhammed Siad Barre took place. General Muhammed Siad Barre was a military tyranny that was in command of Somalia and its military. His tyranny lasted over 2 decades. During the 1970s the get unneurotic States government communicated with General Barre and donated ov er 100 cardinal dollars to help stabilize the Somali thrift. The United States knew it was within there best interest to keep General Barre in power of Somalia for a while. The United States also knew that by the late 1980s the Somali economy would be unable to sustain itself and foreign aid would be withdrawn. After the collapse of Somalias economy, the United States revolted against General Barres oppressive regime. Different warlords of Somalia fought together against General Barre, ending his power and forcing him to flee the country.The United States maintained the tyranny by supporting General Barre and his dictatorship because they had an agenda. They then used their power of the home to overthrow General Barre in the end. In 1991 The United Somali Congress (USC) was formed and a unorthodox president was appointed to govern the nation. With dissention within the USC they were later over thrown bythe Moslem Courts Union. The Islamic Courts Union had the support of the pe ople because they offered services such as schools and health care. They also took on the function of law enforcement which was paid for by local businesses to lower and maintain the crime rate within the area. The Islamic Courts Union took on the responsibility of halting robberies and drug dealing, as well as stopping the masking of what it claims to be pornographic films in local movie houses.The Islamic Courts Union also addressed problems end-to-end the region by establishing community services and security which in turn help them to gain the want of the local residents. Local warlords became concerned over the growing power of the Islamic Courts Union. The Warlords decided to join together to create the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter Terrorism (ARPCT. The Islamic Courts Union lost their power over Mogadishu in 2006, when they were defeated and forced to Kismayo, which is in the southern part of the country. Conflicts within the nation of Somalia were som etimes planned as a means to an end.Whereby the United States Government supported a original regime before they used their power to gain control of the situation and overthrow the tyrant. In other cases the use of national power was used such as the Islamic Courts Union to gain control over Somalia by implementing logical line of operations by providing the people their needs and services to gain their trust. In these situations it would be considered as an irregular warfare environment, because they were violent struggles for power within the nation.ConclusionThe use of power posterior cause conflict within nations and among nations however, being able to manage conflict can bring about some form of peace within and with nations. This essay discussed some examples of Irregular Warfare and how it played a part in Somalia. It also discussed some examples of Irregular Warfare that was used throughout the history of the Somalia conflict.ReferencesIrregular Warfare (IW) Joint Operati ng Concept (JOC). (2007). http//marshallfoundation.org/documents/IrregularWarfare.pdf Somalia Civil War. http//www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somalia.htm.The National Counterterrorism Center. (2014). http//www.nctc.gov/site/groups/al_shabaab.html

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Strategic Management - hear Examplem the perspective of business and management therefore lies in its insight on the appraise of understanding the external environment and gaining constant information about how market behaves. Only those organizations can deliver the goods which develop the ability to know about their competition and continue to learn and stick cognition base. fellowship based organizations make it necessary for themselves to accumulate knowledge and opposite views while at the same clock time ensure that they continue to develop their own ability to function. (Prusak)It is therefore critical for such organizations to ensure that they suit best practices however, also retain their original way of doing things. This also suggests that it is critical for firms to continue to develop their nubble competencies while at the same time continue to focus on acquiring new knowledge and ways of doing things. (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson)This quote therefore is of signi ficant importance in terms of ensuring that the organizations dont become complacent and continue to evolve themselves. This would require them to acquire new as well as debate ideas while at the same time continue to retain their ability to

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer - Essay ExampleIt has been stated that these may be manifestations of motivational disturbances collectible to advanced illness or longstanding suffering. It has also been suggested that physical changes associated with advanced and life-threatening illness associated with long suffering such as occurs in any patient with cancer may strongly diverge the mental adjustment of the patient in both positive and negative ways. This is an important factor in management of patients with cancer since the patients perspective of cancer as a terminal illness strongly influences the address process. This also means that these responses indicate the psychological determinants of patient responses. Many cancer patients suffer from hopelessness, and this is regarded by the wield skippers as conducive to illness, death, and suffering and the opposite psychological reaction may lead to a roaring outcome (Kunkel et al., 2000).Although investigated in other cance rs, the role of psychological and social factors in cancer and in those who sustain cancer has been well delineated. In some cancers psychological factors have been shown to be predictive of survival time. ... Those patients who ar grapple spryly have best outcomes. It is thus evident that if these psychological factors have influence on survival, then development of psychological interventions directed to enhance the use of positive coping styles leading to prolong survival. Petticrew et al. (2002) in their literature review indicated several themes of psychological reactions in response to cancer. Knowledge regarding these would foster professional interventions in cancer patients leading to better outcome (Petticrew et al. 2002).A very prominent and significant psychological response is fighting spirit. Many studies have investigated the impact of fighting spirit on survival from found cancer. Fighting spirit is a coping style, and this has been reported to be associated wi th reduced risk. The next most super C psychological manifestation is helpless and hopelessness. This is known to be a predictor of reduced survival and compromised flavour of life. Some patients demonstrate denial or avoidance. There is no significant association between an avoidant coping and survival. In some cancers, denial may predict recurrence of disease. Some patients with cancer demonstrate stoic acceptance and fatalism (White and Verhoef, 2003). Some patients become anxious with cancer and may develop anxious immersion. Some patients may even be depressed. Those who are very anxious or have high anxious preoccupation demonstrate shorter survival. Those who employ a depressive coping style also have a shorter survival. Those who have active or problem focused coping demonstrated a longer survival. Suffering from cancer and leaving through the treatment have high impact on the patients

Discuss Spielberg's treatment of history in Schindler's List and Essay

Discuss Spielbergs treatment of floor in Schindlers proclivity and Amistad - Essay Exampleoth films, Schindlers List and Amistad, Spielberg takes liberties with history in two ways changing documented events to fit within the films agenda and the omission of crucial parts of the story to create a different impression of history than what documented facts show. Steven Spielberg is one of only a handful of directors that could change history through his movies without losing profits. This allows Spielberg to fulfil both objectives of making money and promoting his view of history.This essay will examine Spielbergs treatment of history in his two films, Schindlers List and Amistad in an attempt to show that movies can be inspired by history, but in reality are a work of fiction. Spielberg did not portray the violence that the confine Schindlers List by Thomas Keneally describes. Characters were portrayed differently. Many factors made the book and movie different. raze though Schind lers List, the movie was based on Schindlers List, the book, Spielberg made the movie his own. Amistad was also Spielbergs creation. Spielberg took Amistad and tried to teach a moral lesson. The only problem is Spielberg made Amistad from the point of a dust coat man, not an African American. Thus, the moral lesson became the white men involved in the case came to the realisation that the Africans were man also. This point of view made white Americans and Spielberg feel better about the enslavement of African Americans by showing that not every American at the fourth dimension was pro-slavery. An African American director, like arm Lee, would have shown more of the African American experience. One look at Amistad and Roots shows the difference of the unrelenting and white point of view concerning slaverySchindlers List begins in the present day, the picture is wide-cut of colors and shows some Jewish people performing religious rituals in Hebrew. Then, Spielberg goes back in t ime to 1939 when Germany conquered Poland. The Jews in Poland were asked to

Midterm-10 questions essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm-10 questions essay - Assignment role modelcant in developing marketing strategy because it aligns the organizational objectives with the marketing activities such as developing, distributing, promoting and determine products to meet the demands of the customers. Marketing planning involves a thorough compend of the marketing environment and industry victorious into account economic, legal, political, social, regulatory and competitive forces that have an impact on the club. SWOT analysis is an important analysis tool in this regard to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a firm. Strengths and weaknesses help in internal analysis of the company while threats and opportunities help in the external analysis.3. Five types of forces play their role in the marketing environment. These ar competitive economic political, legal & regulatory technological and socio-cultural. Competition may occur in brands, products, reckon or in all of them. Competiti on leads to various types of market structures such as monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic argument and pure competition. The state of the economy leads to business cycles which influence the customers buying power. Similarly, government policies and regulations have a spacious impact on firms especially multi-national firms. Technology has an impact on demand, production, packaging and distribution. Socio-cultural factors include demographic, cultural and early(a) social factors.4. Ethics is an important consideration in marketing decisions because it leads to consumer goodwill and welfare. The companies actively participating in social responsibility can actually leverage such platforms to promote their products as well in order to fulfill the dual objectives of such initiatives. One of the examples of ethics in marketing is the use of parking lot marketing where companies adopt environment friendly ways to market and sell their products. This also helps in creating a positive i mage of the company in consumer mind space.5. In the first step

Personal aspect management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal aspect management - screen ExampleIn the organizational context, influencing implies commitment to the zestd result enough to spend needed button to achieve it. The concept of influencing is connected with commitment defined as a state of being in which charterees become bound to a particular actions by a belief system that sustains those actions and their own involvement. In many situations (conflicts, disputes and decision-making) influencing is important as an instrument to achieve some preconceived state or desire (Fabian 54). It arises out of a felt need (important enough to cause use of energy) and a mechanism (the experience over resources needed by others) that allows for doable improvement of that need. According to Beardwell et al (2001) the motive sources include legitimate, expert, reward, tyrannical, referent. These sources of power atomic number 18 intentional and instrumental in its use. Leaders and managers activate them only as they value the possib le outcome sufficiently to expend needed energy in power action.The process of persuading employees is based on argumentation and reasoning. Persuading process can be explained as a relationship in which an employee independently weighs reasons another(prenominal) person. Armstrong (2001) underlines that persuading is central to mans continuing concern for administration and organization. How people organize and relate to each other to croak planned goals accomplished is central to organization and administrative theory. The overreaching problem of organization life is securing participator compliance. This compliance comes without losing the long-term amicable relationship between the person desiring compliance and the person whose behavior qualifying we seek. And this must be done with an eye on conserving scarce resources. Influencing and persuading allows management to guide employees and customers, their actions and preferences (Austin, Pinkleton 38). Influence and intellec tion are commonly exhibited through orders the managers issue to someone subordinate to them. They can be seen as coercive resource employees get by virtue of authority grants from those above and below us in the kind structure. It is often logical, reasoned, legitimate, and systematic in its application and use (Barham, Conway 45). A number of studies have demonstrated that situational factors admit the attitude-behavior relationship. Individuals differ profoundly in their use of persuasive message strategies. Certain people consistently employ manipulation and deceit, whereas others eschew these tactics. Some people use emotional appeals, whereas others resort to threat. Research has examined individual differences in compliance-gaining attempts to determine the impact that personality and demographic factors exert on message strategy selection. First, participants in the diverse studies are probably more mindful and self-conscious about their message strategy selections than a re communicators in the real world By asking respondents to respond to a series of hypothetical scenarios or to spend a penny a persuasive message, researchers found that respondents reflected on their persuasion behavior (Hannagan 49-52).In the workplace, supervisors who clearly identify the mathematical process expectations of their subordinates and inform them of their degree of conformance to the stated requirements may be providing their subordinates with feelings of control and reducing their feelings of uncertainty. Employees who know that they are acting

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

dividing line environment - Essay Example(HOLDEN, MATTHEWS & THOMPSON. 1995) In UK there are some(prenominal) businesses which export and import increase internation each(prenominal)y. There are big names in UK like Unilever, Barclays, HSBC, Tesco, Marks and Spencer etc who are involved in trading internationally. To emphasize on Marks and Spencer it is been one of the oldest British retailer selling clothes and prodigality food products. It operates in 40 countries of the world and is a well known brand world wide. referable to its vast operations world wide M&S is a global competitor for many international clothing brands. This global coverage through international trade has led to expansion in manufacturing activities of M&S worldwide which micturate made it remunerative by outsourcing its manufacturing activities easily in cheaper countries which have made it possible for the company to compete in international market on low cost and maintain its margins. Due to its inter national trade, M&S has also altered their products in accordance with the hold of international market which have make the company deal with many types of commodities serving many markets worldwide. (COADE. 1997 BRUCE, MOORE & BIRTWISTLE. 2004) On the other hand Tesco is one of the largest retail chains in Britain which has grown steadily over cartridge holder and has internationalized its operations throughout the world. The international trade pursued by Tesco has also benefited it in the similar slipway Tesco being a very strong player in the local market is able to intake its brand successfully around the world and has gained next level recognition throughout the world. Due to internationalisation its operations has expanded in many countries of the world like Malaysia, Czech Republic, Poland, USA etc. where it has achieved economies of scales resulting in lower operating costs and a better ability to compete internationally with lower prices. On the other hand internation al trading is extremely beneficial to Tescos financials that has become very hearty in the group results of Tesco. Overseas trading accounts for 60% of Tescos total results and its makes up 20% of contemporary trading profits, while most of the operations worldwide are either profitable or on breakeven and in many countries it is a market leader. Another advantage the international retailing of Tesco is that due to its operations in many markets, it overcomes or reduces its risks of failure. For e.g. Tesco has recently started operating in US and its still a liberation making region. However this loss is compensated by the profits generated by the others regions which make Tesco a profitable group. International trade not only can result in cost saving provided it also leads to international recognition, higher revenues and profits, dispersed risk which are all beneficial for the business as well as the UK economy. (FERNIE. 2005 SETH, & RANDALL. 2000) b) Analyse the impact of tw o global factors on two or more(prenominal) UK business organisations. Organisation operating worldwide and trading internationally faces much more difficulties as topically operated businesses. Due to the globalization Barclays faces different environmental conditions in geographic regions. Banking sector works closely with the laws and regulations. wish well political factors legal factors mostly depend on local legislation and regulation. Risk management policies of Barclays testament be in accordance to legislation. Legislative compliance should be incorporated in the over all strategy,

Pro's and Con's of Colleges going tobacco free Essay

Pros and Cons of Colleges going tobacco free - Essay ExampleThe primordial cause of this tremendous increase in the population of unseasoned smokers every year is social influence. Since children and young adults spend a considerable part of their day at schools and colleges, smoking peers and friends at schools and colleges atomic number 18 the primeval source of influence for the non-smokers to take up smoking. This imparts the need for the concerned authorities to consider making the colleges tobacco free. The subject of this analysis is the pros and cons of colleges going tobacco free. Other than the fact that I smoke, I do non know a lot about my analysis. After thinking about it, I decided I wanted to know more about the pros and cons of colleges going tobacco free. In order to make cognizant decision and achieve favorable results, it is customary to evaluate the pros and cons of making the colleges tobacco free. This paper achieves this purpose and inculcates a better un derstanding of the usefulness of banning tobacco in the colleges. I think my main sense of hearing will be young college students. I really dont know what my audience already knows about this topic being that I dont know much about it myself secure yet. I think the statistics I add will be convincing. Some of the questions that I intend to resolvent in my analysis imply How does this affect smokers rights? When did the policy begin? What colleges/states are mandating this policy? Causes and Effects of baccy Ban in Colleges Many colleges virtually the world have banned tobacco whereas many others are considering banning it. The College of DuPage (COD) is one such colleges that has recently imposed ban on smoking. The main reason why the COD went tobacco free on 6 August 2012 was the immense concern of the college about the wellness and safety of everybody who is associated with the college including the workers, the students, as well as the visitors. There is considerable amoun t of research that has found the wellness risks of both active and passive smoking. Another reason for making the college tobacco free is to cut pass the be associated with cleaning and maintenance of the college, damage caused by the possible outbreak of fire, costs of medical insurance, and the costs of students absenteeism (Martin). The pros of tobacco ban in college include improved health and safety of the students, staff, and visitors, cleanliness of the colleges environment, decreased disposition of non-smokers to start smoking, reduced students absenteeism, and reduced risk of fire outbreak whereas the cons of tobacco ban in college include absenteeism caused by students tendency to smoke off-campus, accuse of discrimination, and students and/or staffs dissatisfaction. Pros of Tobacco Ban in the College There are numerous pros of tobacco ban in the college are numerous. They are discussed as follows better Health and Safety Smoking is a potential risk of health both for t he smokers and the non-smoking people around them. Smoking is known to be a cause of lung cancer, mouth cancer, and increases peoples tendency to do heavy smoking and subsequently start substance abuse. Cleanliness Tobacco ban causes the atmosphere to be nose candy free thus providing the students, staff, and visitors with a fresh and clean air to breathe. Also, with the tobacco ban imposed, students cannot throw behind

Pizza Hut and GE Culture Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pizza Hut and GE Culture Management - act ExampleGEs culture was based on individuals and intrinsic motivation which helps its employees seek benefits for the social club while they seek benefits for themselves. As outlined by Jack Welch in his management related password Winning (2005), GE rewards those employees who are instrumental in helping GE grow and achieve the corporeal vision and punishes those who are not performing to the highest level. In fact, layoffs and quarterly removal of lowest performing employees is an prerequisite part of the management style employed at GE.The method used by GE to rig the culture of their operations in Hungary was dependent upon the Hungarian acceptance of their 95 page manual on corporate culture titled Integrity The Sprit and Letter of Our Commitment. The initial results were disastrous to say the least since blue press, negative sentiments and resentment amongst the employees was created once GEs creed was being established in the com pany. However, with time, the seat subsided and the majority of employees accepted the way GE worked.The most important advantage of changing GELs European operations from the domestic to regional and global levels was the change in culture which came about when the employees agnize they were competing in such markets. The location and availability of labor can also be expected to puzzle played a role here since the Hungarian labor market is closer to the western countries it is divinatory to cater for rather than the Russian bloc or the Asian markets where GEs products might be seen as too expensive.While the expansion of GELs operation to global level worked in this particular case, there is not enough information to say whether the same process would be palmy if it is applied to other GE operations around the world There are several factors which essential be considered before local operations can be asked to provide

Strategies for Environmental and Resource Governance Term Paper

Strategies for Environmental and Resource Governance - boundary Paper ExampleBut it also further enriches a powerful minority, mainly the already wealthy, and this poses a major barrier to change. Without effective interventions, we are teetering precariously near the edge of a precipice. This paper looks at the case of pissing as a prime example of a finite resource whose depletion, if left field unarrested, will create serious problems for the world.Fresh water is a basic human necessity. We need it for drinking, sanitation and individualized hygiene, irrigation, hydroelectricity, for the natural resources it contains (such as fish), to preserve ecological balance, as part of our cultural mythology and for enjoyment (as part of the scenery).Flowing river water is a common resource which confers user rights but no private ownership rights. Groundwater, on the opposite hand, is subject to private ownership and therefore vulnerable to excess exploitation. This also makes ground wa ter crop practices more scattered and difficult to implement and monitor. As more and more parts of the world brass instrument increasing water famines and water commoditization, the issue of water scarcity how it is perceived, problematized and the consequences in the form of policy responses becomes crucial. ... archetypical and fore around, it is essential to study the concept of scarcity its underlying assumptions and how these translate in policy terms. Scarcity is a central concept in economic theory, particularly neoclassical economic theory, which in turn has powerfully influenced policy thought. This focus on scarcity as deriving from economic thought, has important implications for policy planners. Firstly, scarcity is a given in economics. Thus, policy makers need not necessarily try and understand the temperament of the scarcity whether it is absolute or relative, constructed or real (Mehta 2003 and 2006) They can simply accept it as a natural and inevitable con dition, evaluating only the degree of scarcity and building responses accordingly. Secondly, under conditions of scarcity, the market is considered to be the most efficient allocator of resources. In many developing countries, the market is replaced by the state, but scarcity is appease considered to be addressable external to the situation either by the market (by privatising water for example) or by the state (through prioritising of needs and resources connected to water). Segerfeldt proposes that the problem is not the shortage of water, but the absence of or neediness in effective policies. He states Worldwide, 1.1 billion people, mainly in poor countries, do not extradite access to clean, safe water. The shortage of water helps to perpetuate poverty, disease and early death. However, there is no shortage of water, at least not globally. We use a mere 8 per cent of the water on hand(predicate) for human consumption. Instead, bad policies are the main problem. Even Cherrapunj i, India, the wettest place on earth, suffers from recurrent water shortages. In looking at the roots of the problem

Overview of Qualitative Research Study-Terence Essay

Overview of Qualitative interrogation Study-Terence - Essay ExampleThis research method answers the how and why of decision making. It goes further than quantitative research method which only answers the where, what, and when? This paper aims at dissecting qualitative research to gain an understanding on the characteristics of the research founding and to get when and where it is appropriate for use.A sample size refers to a subset of a population that gets selected for a apt(p) hold. Sample size is a vital aspect of any research study. It provides for a basis from which inferences near a population can be ruled. It refers to the number of observation used to calculate or determine the characteristics of a given population (Barbour, 2013). When undertaking sample size determination for qualitative studies, it is vital to know that there are no fixed or fast rules. However, it is important to give at to the lowest degree two considerations when coming up with the sample size . The first consideration should be how large does the sample demand to be to enable the identification of consistent patterns. The sample size should be large enough to go forth the researcher with nothing left to learn or no emergent trend. The second consideration should be how large the sample should be to provide a reflection of the target population. The sample size moldiness be large enough to help assess an appropriate amount of diversity represented crossways the target population.Under qualitative studies, the researcher may estimate the sample size base on his or her data arrangement methods or the approach of their study. For example when undertaking a case study approach in a qualitative study, the researcher selects one case or one person. another(prenominal) example can be when using tenseness group discussions as a data collection method. The researcher gets to create groups that average 5-10 people each (Silverman, 2013). The researcher also has to consider the number of focus groups that will be

Medical research abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical research abroad - Essay ExampleThe last bit of the presentation result conclude about the research conducted.Marriages in roughly African countries become recognized upon hire of the bride damage which has many names in various African settings. In South Africa, it is referred to as labola in eastmost Africa it is referred to as mahari in Zimbabwe it is referred to as roora generally, in African settings, it is referred to as head-money. This payment is normally in the mannikin of cash or other forms, and it is directed towards the family of the lady creation married.African women are vulnerable when world riding habitd as research specimens as typified by many African constitutions. I will use Nigeria as a case example, maturity is deemed to start when one clocks 18 years. Another dash that women can be considered of a mature age is when they have been married. However, as a result of the payment of the bride determine, African women are considered as objects tha t are purchased in marriage. As a result of this, constitutional rights of these women of being regarded mature are taken away from them upon marriage. Therefore, African will be forced to seek laudation from their husbands or even family members of their husbands when they want to enroll in clinical research. This is the challenge that is faced in clinical research using African women.The same normally applies for older women who are unmarried. Ion this scenario, the Nigerian constitution and indeed, most African constitutions have placed women under the care of their father or guardian until they are married. However, these rules are not applicable in Europe or in America. Another remarkable finding is that bride price is not paid to black women in the West Indies and the US. Therefore, it is only African black women who become disfavour when it comes to this.Solutions to this problem faced by African women have no borne

'Intellectual Property rights have, throughout history, increased in Essay

Intellectual Property rights have, throughout history, change magnitude in scope and shifted towards greater protection for their owners. Critically assess the main - Essay Examplel property is very wide and includes literary and artistic works, films, computer programs, inventions, designs and marks used by traders for their goods or services.1 The law makes sure that the owners of Intellectual Property creations are protected. However, the law in regards to IP rights is neer stable since IP rights are many different types of rights developed at its own pace at a national and international level. IP rights are protected at a national level, only when at the end of the 19th century International Intellectual Property started to develop at a more international level.Copyright means the right to make copies2. A work will non be protected unless it is original3, fixated.4 Copyright has developed extensively from the time before the printing machine to the modern font luxuries of the modern world. The first copyright case dated back to 567 AD. The case of Finnian v squab where Columba made a copy of his teachers Psalter. pursuit this the Statutes of the University of Paris in 1223 legalized the duplication of texts for the use within the university.5 Following this the first printer was developed, creating the first bestseller.6 The printing press brought on a period of piracy and chaos. The compute that brought everything to a comprehensive balance was when the statute of Anne was passed in 1709. If the designer was alive when their right expired subsequently 14 years, another 14 years was granted.A dispute arose on whether or not the reason had a perpetual common law right to print or publish his work by assigning a perpetual publisher to do so. This dispute was settled in Donaldson v Beckett.7 The root died and his copyright was sold by his executors to Beckett. Who in return sued Donaldson for infringement of copyright. It was stated in this case tha t the author did have a common law rights that were potentially perpetual (that is, the right of first printing and publishing), merely once the work was published, this common law right