Case study and observation research methods

Case study and observation interrogation methodsThis essay will look at difference surrounded by to enquiry methods Case Study and Observation. Case study is the understanding of the complex issues or can extend experience or add strength to what is already known through previous look into. It is an in-depth study of an individual, group, incident or community. Case studies emphasize on the detailed analysis of the event or conditions and their relationship. Sometimes researchers social function the shift study method for real life situations and use sources of evidence to prove their study. First step to take in case study is to get wind all data just about the case and should be organised to draw attention to important points in the case. The case studys questions atomic number 18 most likely to be information questions why and How therefore these questions be helpful to focus on the studys goal. In case study researchers gather facts from different sources and conclusions is made of these facts. Here is a case study of the Davids deportment, David, 13 year old who has been admitted to a detention facility in California. Police reports indicate that he and another boy were arrested for break of serve and entering into a private residence. David grew up in an upper middle class section of California. Davids sustain is a professor at a college, and his mother, is a dentist who works for a health c atomic number 18 group. Even as a small child, David seemed unable to restrain himself. He would bound around the house, crashing into walls and objects, frequently breaking items or destroying house plants. David entered puberty at the age of 11, and at that time, his behaviours became more destructive. He frequently got in fights with his classmates, and would verbally assault teachers. His parents suspect that he may have tried smoking cigarettes and may have experimented with sniffing glue. After his arrest for breaking and entering, David began to cr y and told his parents that he felt badly for what he had done. He added that he was unable to control himself.In Davids case study which took long time to study Davids behaviour from his childhood to his teenage and in different good deal Davids behaviour had changed and resources have been used to prove his behaviour such as his parents or police.Another example for case study research its Freuds little Hans case study, Freud used a case study method to investigate little Hans Phobia however the case study was actually carried out by the boys father who was a friend of Freud. Freud probably only met the boy once. The father reported to Freud via correspondence and Freud gave directions as how to deal with the situation based on his interpretations of his fathers reports. Freud noted that it was the particular(a) relationship between Hans and his father that allowed the analysis to progress and for the discussions with the boy to be so detailed and so intimate. The first gear re ports of Hans are when he was 3 long time old. When Hans was almost 5, Hans father wrote to Freud explaining his concerns about Hans. He described the main problem as follows he is afraid of horse will bite him in the street, at age 19 the not so little Hans appeared at Freuds consulting room having read his case history. Freud believed that the findings from the case little Hans supported his theories of child development.Observation involves looking and listening to the object very carefully. Researchers in observation study an individual or group in their natural settings without being informed of the observation in advance. Observational data is usually detailed information about the particular person, groups or situations and revealing changes.In a non- participant observation researchers observe behaviour of the subject without interacting with the subject whereas in participant observation the researchers put themselves in the subjects position, so the researchers become par t of the world of the subject meanwhile focusing on their study and in direct observation, people know that you are watching them, and there is concern that sometimes individuals change their actions while not cover what you are looking for or what they are really look like.A research which led by Charlton, studied the effect of television on childrens behaviour when it was introduced for the first time to an island of St Helena in mid-1990s, The researchers focused specifically on pro- and anti- social behaviour. Using characterisation recording, they found that, compared with play ground observation on terzetto to eight years olds made four months before television started, five year after its introduction there were 5 out of 64 measures showing a decrease in pro- social behaviour. However for boys, only there were significant increase on both pro-social measures and significant decrease on two anti-social measures. In other words, for boys at least there was almost as much po sitive as negative effect.The research led by Charlton was a naturalistic observation which is used to collect behavioural data in real life situations. The data gathering device in this research was video recording, which taped the childrens interaction daily. There is another example of Whyte studies about Italian gang for Observation research study,Whyte studied an Italian street gang in Chicago by joining it. It was obvious Whyte was not a normal gang member. His cover was that he was writing a book about the area. He made the famous statement that I began as a non-participating observer. As I became accepted into the community, I found myself becoming almost a non-observing participantWhyte research study was undisclosed participant observation. Whyte as an observer kept hidden his study about the gang from gang members Whyte aimed the understanding of the gang by putting himself in their position and observed gang members in their natural setting, as they were busy in their e veryday lives.Two ethical issues Consent and Deception, both are very important issues to concentrate on before deciding for a psychological research. Consent should be obtained in an early time of research this would involves communicate the participant about the grounds for the research and their role in the research however there are some cases where this is not required if the research is something in public where they would normally expect to be observed, they would need permission to be observed on the other side in deception, participants should never be deceived about any aspect of the study they are taking part in. Same as consent participants should be provided with sufficient information at the earliest stage. another(prenominal) ethical issues are, introduction where both sides confidence is needed between the researcher and the participants, and the data protection act protects participants in the research, therefore confidentiality and privacy is important to be agree d on both sides except in situation where the human life is in danger. And participants must be informed of their right to withdraw from the research at any stage of the research. After debriefing, participants have the right to ask for their details in the study to be destroyed in their presence. Participants should not be asked to risk their life in any circumstances during the study.Publication is another important part of the ethical issues, its the indebtedness of the researcher to publish is his research, this is because if the research is failed which has be lot of time and money someone else might have the same idea and might invest lots of time and money, which would be wasted.Its the researcher responsibility to monitor his colleagues in a research to ensure that code is being followed and if the researcher becomes aware of the participants problems in the study, so the researcher should refer them to someone hooked to advise them on the issue if the participants wish t o.In Zimbardos Stanford prison experiment, participants were deceived and were physically harmed, they have not been informed properly about all that took place ulterior in the research, therefore deception is not allowed in any circumstances and all that are going to take place in a research should be told to participant in a earlier stage. And the participants consent was not obtained before the research and participants have not been informed of the reason of the studyThis involves making known the participant of the reasons for the study and what is expected of them. There are few cases where this is not required if someone is doing something in public where they would normally expect to be observed, they are giving permission to be observed.Bibliographyhttp//www.holah.karoo.net/freud.htm